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1.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 78(4): 378-384, dic. 2018. tab, graf, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-985742

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: El tratamiento de la otitis media crónica (OMC) colesteatomatosa es quirúrgico, cuyo objetivo es erradicar la enfermedad, evitar complicaciones y prevenir recurrencias. El gold standard es la timpanomastoidectomía con canal wall down (TCWD). Estudios en cadáver han definido que TCWD disminuye la audición 1-5 dB en frecuencias <1.000 Hz y 0-10 dB entre 1.000 y 3.000 Hz. De aquí nuestro interés por definir la influencia acústica de la pared posterosuperior del conducto auditivo externo (CAE). Objetivo: Determinar en cuantos decibeles se corrige la audición al reconstituir pared posterior del CAE pos-TCWD. Material y método: Trabajo experimental. A pacientes pos-TCWD se reconstituye de manera transitoria la pared posterior del CAE, realizándose audiometría pre y posprocedimiento. Resultados: 23 pacientes (25 oídos), promedio 48,8 años (18-72 años). En 96% existió una diferencia favorable al reconstruir la pared posterior, presentando una mejoría auditiva entre 1,2 y 10,6 dB (4,2 ± 2,8 dB). En frecuencias <1.000 Hz la mejoría fue de 6,0 dB (p <0,001), entre 1.000-3.000 Hz fue 2,6 dB (p <0,001) y >3.000 Hz no hubo diferencia. Considerando PTP de vía aérea la mejoría fue 4,6 dB (p <0,001). Conclusión: Nuestro estudio demuestra que existe mejoría auditiva en la gran mayoría de oídos evaluados al reconstituir la pared posterosuperior del CAE, alcanzando 6 dB en frecuencias <1.000 Hz y 2,6 dB en frecuencias medias. Si consideramos los PTP de vía aérea la mejoría es de 4,6 dB en presencia de pared posterior.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Cholesteatomas treatment is surgical and the goals are complete resection of it, to prevent complications and recurrences. The gold standard operative technique is canal wall down tympanomastoidectomy (CWDT), which reduces the recurrence rate lower than 2%. Studies on human temporal bones have defined that CWDT causes a decrease of 1 to 5 dB at frequencies below 1000 Hz and 0 to 10 dB between 1000 and 3000 Hz. Aim: To determine how many decibels the hearing is improved by reconstituting the posterior wall of the ear canal (EC) in patients after CWDT. Material and method: Experimental study. In patients after CWDT, the posterior wall of EC was reconstructed temporarily. Audiometry was performed before and after the procedure. Results: 23 patients were enrolled (25 ears evaluated). Average age 48.8 years (range 18 to 72 years). In 96% of the ears there was a difference after the procedure with a hearing improvement of 4.2 ± 2.8dB. In frequencies below 1000 Hz, hearing improvement was 6.0 dB (p<0.001), between 1000-3000 Hz, the improvement was 2.6 dB (p<0.001) and >3000 Hz there was no difference. When considering the airway-conduction pure tone average (PTA), the difference was a 4.6 dB improvement (p<0.001). Conclusions: Our study shows that there is a hearing improvement in the vast majority of ears that were evaluated by reconstituting the posterior wall of the EC, reaching a gain of 6 dB at frequencies <1000 Hz and 2,6 dB at mid frequencies. Considering the airway PTA, the improvement is 4.6 dB in the presence of posterior canal wall.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Otitis Media/surgery , Otologic Surgical Procedures , Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear , Audiometry , Chile , Recovery of Function , Ear Canal/surgery
2.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 26(1): 19-23, 2015. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-788845

ABSTRACT

The aim of this publication is to update information regarding auditory damage caused by cisplatin and its possible prevention with N acetylcysteine (NAC). Cisplatin is a drug used in the treatment of various cancers. It has various adverse effects including ototoxicity. Ototoxicity manifests as sensorineural high tone hearing loss variable intensities, usually bilateral, irreversible, and occurs primarily owing to the formation of oxygen derived free radicals that trigger apoptosis. High frequency audiometry and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions are the most sensitive tests for the detection of cisplatin ototoxicity and they are comparable. NAC is a thiol compound used as a mucolytic that can prevent ototoxicity by several mechanisms . In vitro, it has been shown to decrease the damage of inner ear hair cells and auditory neurons . In humans, oral and intratympanic NAC has been tested concomitant to cisplatin chemotherapy with variable results, tending to show less hearing damage produced by cisplatin...


Subject(s)
Humans , Acetylcysteine/administration & dosage , Cisplatin/administration & dosage , Cisplatin/adverse effects , Hearing Loss/prevention & control
3.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 74(1): 43-48, abr. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-713537

ABSTRACT

El neumoencéfalo espontáneo de origen otológico es una patología potencialmente mortal, infrecuente y escasamente reportada en la literatura. Resulta interesante conocer su presentación clínica y manejo. Para el diagnóstico es importante tener la sospecha clínica y el estudio de imágenes con tomografía computarizada (TC) habitualmente muestra la dehiscencia en el hueso temporal. El tratamiento debe tener un enfoque multidisciplinario. La decisión de tratamiento conservador y quirúrgico va estar determinado por la gravedad del paciente y características del defecto.


Pneumocephalus otic spontaneous origin is a potentially fatal disease, infrequent and rarely reported in the literature. It is interesting to know its clinical presentation and management. To diagnose it is important to clinical suspicion and imaging study with CT usually shows dehiscence of the temporal bone. Treatment should be a multidisciplinary approach. The decision of conservative and surgical treatment will be determined by the severity of the patient and defect characteristics.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Pneumocephalus/surgery , Pneumocephalus/diagnostic imaging , Temporal Bone/surgery , Temporal Bone/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
4.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 73(3): 257-262, dic. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-704555

ABSTRACT

La keratosis obturans y el colesteatoma del conducto auditivo externo son dos condiciones caracterizadas por la acumulación patológica de material queratinizado en el oído externo. El primero se presenta con un crecimiento circunferencial que ocluye y remodela el conducto, usualmente sin erosionarlo, mientras que el segundo se caracteriza por erosionar un área del conducto, con necrosis y secuestro óseo. El diagnóstico diferencial entre estas dos entidades es importante, ya que difieren en la presentación clínica, el comportamiento biológico y las complicaciones asociadas. Esto puede verse reflejado en cambios en el manejo terapéutico de estos pacientes.


Keratosis obturans and external auditory canal cholesteatoma are two conditions characterized by the pathological accumulation of keratinized debris in the external ear. The former shows a circumferential growth that occludes and remodels the canal, usually without erosion, whereas the latter is characterized by erosion of part of the canal, with necrosis and bone sequestration. Establishing a differential diagnosis between both diseases is important, because they differ in clinical presentation, biological behavior and associated complications. This can be reflected in the therapeutic management of these patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Cholesteatoma/diagnosis , Ear Canal/pathology , Ear Diseases/diagnosis , Keratosis/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential
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